Have you ever wondered, “How can I make my own super cool keyboard?” I used to wonder the same thing! So, I’m here to share some easy-to-follow steps and ideas based on what I’ve learned from making my own keyboards. This can be a really fun project but it might seem a little tricky at first. But don’t worry! We’ll figure this out together.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why should I build my own custom mechanical keyboard?
What tools and materials do I need to build a custom mechanical keyboard?
How difficult is it to build a custom mechanical keyboard?
What are the advantages of using certain types of switches over others?
Can I customize the layout of my custom mechanical keyboard?
Where can I find resources and support for building a custom mechanical keyboard?
Let’s Learn the Parts!
Before we start building, let’s learn about the different parts that make up a keyboard. It’s kind of like learning about the pieces of a puzzle before putting it together.
1. The Keyboard Case
This is the outside part of the keyboard, kinda like a shell or a house for all the inside pieces. Choosing a case is super important because it’s going to decide how your keyboard looks and what other pieces can fit inside.
2. PCB – The Brain!
Next, there’s the PCB, which stands for Printed Circuit Board. We can call this the brain of the keyboard! This is where we will place our switches and stabilizers, but more on those later. There are different kinds of PCBs, some you have to solder and some you don’t. We’ll talk more about this soon.
3. The Plate
Then there’s the plate. It’s really important because it helps in attaching your switches to the PCB. It holds the switches in place so you can either solder them or fit them into the PCB if it’s a hot-swap one.
4. Stabilizers
Now, let’s talk about stabilizers. These little gadgets help the bigger keys like the shift, enter, and space bar from wobbling too much. So, stabilizers are definitely a must-have!
5. Picking Your Switches
After that, you get to choose your switches. There are a bunch to pick from and we’ll go over them more in a bit. This part is fun because you get to decide how your keyboard feels when you press the keys.
6. Keycaps
Last but not least, keycaps! This is where you can let your imagination run wild. You can find lots of cool keycaps on different websites. They come in different shapes, sizes, and designs. If you’ve played with gaming keyboards, you’re probably used to a certain kind of keycap, but there’s a whole world of them out there to explore!
Keyboard Layouts
Now that we know all about the basic parts of a keyboard, it’s time to make a big decision – choosing our keyboard layout! This is like choosing the shape and size of our keyboard. It might be a little tricky because there are so many options, but don’t worry, we’ll figure it out.
Many people know about the common sizes like 60%, TKL (tenkeyless), and Full, but there are also others like 65%, 75%, and 1800 layouts. How do we pick one?
When picking a size, think about how much space you have on your desk. If you have a lot of space, any size will work! But if your desk is a bit crowded, maybe a smaller one like a 75% layout would be better.
Next, think about what you need your keyboard for. If you’re using it for work and need special keys like F keys or arrow keys, it’s something to consider in your decision. If you mainly play video games and mostly use the WASD keys, maybe a 60% layout would be just right! So, take a moment to think about what you really need.
If you’re feeling stuck, maybe start with a TKL or 75% layout. They are pretty easy to get used to, especially if you’ve been using regular full-size keyboards. In fact, a lot of people really like the 65% layout because it still has arrow keys, so it might be just perfect for gamers and many others.
Keyboard Mounting Styles
Alright! Now that we’ve chosen our layout, let’s pick out a case and figure out how our keyboard is going to be built, which is called the mounting style. When choosing a mounting style, think about how you want your keyboard to feel and sound when you type. There are lots of cool ways to mount a keyboard, so let’s go through them one by one.
1. Top Mount
This style is attached with screws into the top of the case. This usually makes the keyboard feel stiff when you type and can make typing sounds louder, often with a metallic echo. You can also feel some of the vibrations when you type.
2. Gasket Mount
This style can vary a lot but mainly, it separates the plate/pcb assembly from the case. This means you won’t feel or hear the case as much when you type. The typing feel can be stiff or soft, depending on how it’s made.
3. Gummy O-Ring Mount or Friction Fit
This one is interesting because it uses a big o-ring around the PCB/plate assembly and doesn’t use screws! Typing usually feels soft and the sounds are usually higher-pitched or “clacky”.
4. Sandwich Mount
This less common style sandwiches the plate between the top and bottom of the case. This style usually feels stiff and gives lots of feedback when you type, often with a metallic sound, depending on the material of the plate.
5. Integrated Plate Mount
In this style, the plate is actually part of the top case. These are very stiff and the sound can vary, but it usually leans towards very deep, sometimes metallic sounds.
6. Tray Mount
This style is common for less expensive keyboards or cases. They usually feel stiff to type on and the sound can vary a lot. But, the fun part is that these cases can be the most enjoyable to modify and can turn out to be a great keyboard experience!
Keyboard PCBs
Okay! We’ve chosen our case, now let’s talk about the PCB (Printed Circuit Board). This is like the brain of our keyboard! You’ll usually get one with your keyboard kit, or sometimes, you might need to buy one separately from a vendor’s website. There are a few things you should know about PCBs.
Some PCBs have lots of cuts in them, called flex or relief cuts. These cuts make typing feel softer, especially if you pair it with a plate that does the same. But, lots of flex cuts can make the sound thinner when you type.
Depending on the case, some PCBs need a smaller board, called a daughter board. PCBs also come in hot-swap or solderable versions. Let’s talk about that!
These are awesome if you’re not sure which switch to use or if you plan to try out different builds. You don’t need a soldering iron with these! It’s really handy for beginners or anyone who might not be able to solder. But, be careful when you insert the switches. Support the socket with a desk or finger so it doesn’t pop off.
These let you choose from tons of different layouts since you’re soldering it yourself. It’s fun to solder in the switches! But, if you make a mistake or want to change something, you’ll need to desolder, which can be a bit tricky and can cost a bit if you buy a desoldering gun.
If you’re just starting, go with a hot-swap PCB. It’s super easy and gives you lots of options for your keyboard adventure!
Keyboard Plates
When you buy a keyboard, you’ll need to choose a plate. This is super important! The plate you pick can change how your keyboard feels, sounds, and even the layout. Most keyboard kits already come with a plate that fits, but if you’re buying parts on your own, make sure the plate layout matches your keyboard.
Different keyboards offer different plate materials. If you’re feeling a bit lost, starting with an aluminum or FR4 plate is a good idea because they are usually well-balanced. Want something stiffer? Go for brass. If you prefer something softer, try plastic plates like POM or polycarbonate. Plates change how your keyboard sounds. Usually, plastic plates make softer or deeper sounds.
Here’s a way to remember it: Stiffer plates make higher-pitched sounds, and softer plates make deeper sounds.
I’d say go with aluminum or FR4 plates to start. They’re usually good value and give you a great typing experience with a balanced sound.
Keyboard Stabilizers
Now, let’s talk about the smaller parts of the board, like stabilizers. The main thing here is to make sure you have the right size spacebar and the right number of stabilizers for your build. And if you’re wondering which stabilizer is the best, well, any stabilizer can sound awesome if it’s tuned right.
Every stabilizer can be tuned to feel and sound amazing. If you’re new and want something easy, get a set of Durock stabs, some lube in a syringe, and a brush. With these, you can fine-tune the stabilizers even after your keyboard is all put together, saving you the worry of getting them perfect from the start.
Keyboard Switches
Switches can be bewildering, especially for newcomers. There’s a deluge of choices, each with its nuances, materials, modifications, springs, and even factory lube conditions. Here’s a simplified insight into the perplexing world of switches.
Basic Types of Switches:
- Linear: Smooth and straightforward, no bump or click.
- Tactile: Features a noticeable bump as you press the switch.
- Clicky: Produces a click sound and has a tactile bump.
Linear and tactile are typically more popular.
Picking a Switch:
Choosing a switch is subjective, and it’s easy to overthink. While there’s no foolproof guide to finding the perfect switch, here are some basic recommendations to help navigate your journey through the switch universe.
Linear Switches:
- For a Loud or “Clacky” feel: Choose a switch with a long pole stem.
- For a Tamer experience: Opt for a regular stem length or a silent switch.
- For a Deeper sound: Consider a switch with nylon housings in addition to the above.
Tactile Switches:
- For Mild Tactility: Look for switches with a light bump, like Penguin Switches.
- For a Loud Experience with a Pronounced Bump: A switch with a long stem and pronounced bump, like the Salmon switch, is ideal.
Clicky Switches:
- Explore various sound demos! Clicky switches offer diverse and unique sound profiles, find what suits your taste the most.
Lubing switches is crucial; it modulates sound and alters feel. Different lubricants can render subtle changes in the sound and feel of your switch. Lubing is highly recommended, and numerous online guides can assist you in this intricate process.
Keyboard Keycaps
Selecting keycaps can be the most engaging part of completing a keyboard build. Keycaps come in various profiles, from tall SA to the more ubiquitous Cherry profile, each rendering a distinct sound signature. Here are some considerations:
- Materials: ABS and PBT are the primary materials. ABS tends to shine quicker and produces a higher-pitched sound compared to PBT.
- Compatibility: Ensure the keycap set aligns with your keyboard layout and the direction of the LEDs if your keyboard has RGB lighting.
- Vendor Consultation: When uncertain, consult the keyboard kit seller to confirm compatibility.
Where do I buy keyboard parts?
The present-day market is teeming with readily available keyboard units and components. For starters:
- Vendor Lists: Consult community vendor lists and use a checklist to ensure you acquire all necessary components.
- Components Checklist:
- Keyboard Case
- PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
- Stabilizers
- Switches
- Keycaps
- Lubricants (for stabilizers and switches)
- Brushes (for lubing)
- Soldering iron
- Switch Puller and Switch Opener
- Precision Screwdriver Kit
- Tweezer Kit
Many vendors organize group buys—community-funded, Kickstarter-like projects where participants might enjoy discounts for funding the venture. Although they usually involve prolonged waiting periods and inherent, albeit uncommon, buyer’s risk, they remain a popular means to acquire unique components.
Building Your Mechanical Keyboard
Embarking on the journey of building your mechanical keyboard is exciting! Here’s a streamlined guide to help you with the assembly.
Preparation:
Before delving into the building process, ensure that:
- Your switches are lubed properly.
- All necessary parts are in hand.
Step 1: Testing Your PCB
- Prep: Have tweezers and a cable to connect your PCB.
- Instructions:
- Use VIA or a similar program to check the PCB.
- Lightly tap each switch with the tweezers; it should register in your program.
- Ensure each key is responsive.
Step 2: Lubing/Installing Your Stabilizers
- Prep: Gather your stabilizers, PCB, brush, lube, and screwdriver set.
- Instructions:
- Lube and tune your stabilizers, referring to online tutorials if needed.
- Install the stabilizers in the corresponding locations and secure them.
- Test the stabilizers with a switch to ensure functionality.
Step 3: Installing Switches
- Prep: Have your switches, PCB, plate, and possibly a soldering iron ready.
- Instructions:
- Position the plate; it should align with the stabilizers.
- Start installing your switches, ensuring each is secure.
- If you have a solderable PCB, solder the switches once they are flush and in place.
Step 4: Prepping the Case
- Prep: Assemble your keyboard kit and necessary accessories like gaskets, foam, daughter board, and a screwdriver kit.
- Instructions:
- Install gaskets and any daughter boards or additional foam, as needed.
- Insert the PCB/Plate assembly and secure it, depending on the mounting style.
- Close the case.
Step 5: Using Your Keyboard
- Prep: Ensure your switches and keycaps are installed.
- Instructions:
- This is the most delightful step – installing your keycaps on your keyboard. Enjoy the fruition of your labor!
Tuning How Your Keyboard Sounds
Once you’ve built your keyboard, delving into the nuances of its sound is another fascinating venture. Here’s how you can tailor your keyboard’s acoustics to your preference.
1. Addressing Hollow Sounds:
- Solution: Utilize PolyFil or poron foam.
- How It Works:
- PolyFil: Eliminates acoustic resonance without compromising the board’s sound profile.
- Poron Foam: Mutes the overall sound while also eliminating resonance.
2. Enhancing Quiet Keyboards:
- Problem: Some kits, especially with softer plates like POM or PC and quiet switches, might sound too subdued.
- Solution: Experiment with different material/profile keycaps or opt for louder switches. Taping the underside of the PCB with masking or painter’s tape can also enhance the sound.
3. Eliminating Stabilizer Rattle:
- Solution: Use a syringe of lube to meticulously add lubrication to your stabilizers. This can be done without disassembling the board.
Remember:
- Personal Preference: Everyone’s taste varies. Embrace the diversity in preferences and explore to find what resonates with you.
- Financial Caution: While it’s easy to get lost in the vast and intricate world of keyboards, remember they are a luxury. It’s crucial to maintain a balance and not overspend.
- Innovative Landscape: The keyboard realm is ever-evolving, with constant introductions of new caps, switches, and more. Enjoy your journey in this innovative and diverse world.
Conclusion:
Tuning the sound of your keyboard is an intricate and personal journey. Whether it’s modifying the acoustics to eliminate hollow sounds, enhancing the volume of quieter boards, or fine-tuning the stabilizers, each step allows you to personalize your keyboard further. Welcome to this ever-growing, exciting world of mechanical keyboards, where personal preference and continuous learning create a delightful and unique experience!
